The MEEA is responsible for the overall management of the oil, gas and minerals sectors in Trinidad and Tobago.  These sectors are the largest single contributors to the GDP of the country and the revenues generated provide the resources for the future development objectives of the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. 

The Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs is responsible for monitoring, controlling and regulating the energy and mineral sectors of Trinidad and Tobago.  Its early years began in 1904 when the Mines Department was established to manage Manjak production. In 1948 the Mines Department was re-designated the Petroleum Department.

In June 1962, the Ministry of Petroleum and Mines was established. Since then there has been eight name changes with slight changes in ministerial responsibility. As the energy sector expanded so have the roles and functions of the Ministry.